El principal gerente de inversiones del gobierno ruso, que tiene credenciales de Harvard y McKinsey y habla inglés con fluidez, llevó una simple impresión a las conversaciones del martes con la administración Trump en Arabia Saudita.
Su mensaje: Al retirarse de Rusia en protesta por la invasión de Ucrania, las empresas estadounidenses habían renunciado a montones de dinero en efectivo.
“Pérdidas de las empresas estadounidenses por industria”, decía el documento que Kirill Dmitriev, jefe del fondo soberano de Rusia, mostró a un reportero del New York Times. “Pérdidas totales”, decía una de las columnas. La suma en la parte inferior: $324 mil millones.
Al apelar al presidente Trump, el Kremlin se ha centrado en su deseo de obtener ganancias. El presidente Vladimir V. Putin elogió el miércoles a la delegación estadounidense en Riad por no criticar a Rusia como lo hicieron las administraciones anteriores, no hubo “condena de lo que se hizo en el pasado”, dijo. Agregó que más allá de la geopolítica, los dos países ahora se están moviendo hacia un compromiso más profundo en el espacio, la economía y “nuestro trabajo conjunto en los mercados energéticos globales”.
Sergey V. Lavrov, ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Rusia, dijo después de la reunión del martes que “había un gran interés” en la sala “en eliminar las barreras artificiales para el desarrollo de la cooperación económica mutuamente beneficiosa”, una aparente referencia a levantar las sanciones estadounidenses.
Remarkably, the Trump administration appears to be engaging with Russia’s message without demanding payment up front. After Ukraine suggested the possibility of natural resource deals to Mr. Trump, his treasury secretary pushed to have the country sign away half its mineral wealth. And Mr. Trump continues to portray American allies as freeloaders, threatening more tariffs and demanding they pay more for their own defense.
With Russia, by contrast, the administration seems to be signaling that the one thing Mr. Putin has to do to pave the way for a full reset in Moscow’s relationship with Washington is end the war in Ukraine. Many Europeans and Ukrainians fear Mr. Trump will seek a peace deal on Russia’s terms, especially after the American president suggested on Tuesday that Ukraine was to blame for the Russian invasion.
Secretary of State Marco Rubio said on Tuesday that an end to the war would be “the key that unlocks the door” for “potentially historic economic partnerships.” He echoed Mr. Lavrov in hinting that the United States could drop sanctions against Russia as part of such a deal.
“There are sanctions that were imposed as a result of this conflict,” Mr. Rubio said. “I would say to you that in order to bring an end to any conflict there has to be concessions made by all sides.”
For the Kremlin, a key emissary to Mr. Trump’s pecuniary mind-set has been Mr. Dmitriev, a youthful Putin ally and former banker who has specialized in developing Russian business ventures around the world. He has close ties to Saudi Arabia’s de facto ruler, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and he pushed the development and global distribution of Russia’s Covid-19 vaccine, Sputnik V.
In 2016, Mr. Dmitriev tried to use business contacts to build a back channel to Mr. Trump in the name of “reconciliation” between the United States and Russia, according to the report into Russian interference in that year’s election by Robert S. Mueller III, the special counsel.
In Mr. Trump’s first term, that reconciliation never came. This time around, Mr. Dmitriev has already had better luck.
Steve Witkoff, Mr. Trump’s Middle East envoy, praised Mr. Dmitriev and Prince Mohammed for their role in helping secure Russia’s release last week of Marc Vogel, an American schoolteacher imprisoned in Moscow. In Tuesday’s talks, Mr. Dmitriev was part of Russia’s delegation, using interviews with Western media outlets to promote business opportunities in Russia’s oil sector and in the Arctic.
“The economic track allows diplomacy, allows communication, allows joint wins, allows joint success,” Mr. Dmitriev said. “And we saw that President Trump is focused on having success.”
He said that U.S. oil companies had “really benefited from the Russian oil sector,” adding, “we believe at some point they will be coming back.” The document that he brought into Tuesday’s meeting with the United States showed that the industries with the greatest purported losses among American companies that left Russia were “I.T. and Media,” at $123 billion, and “Consumer and Healthcare,” at $94 billion.
While American trade with Russia before Ukraine-related sanctions began in 2014 was tiny compared with trade with China or the European Union, big energy companies made huge investments, and American consumer goods and tech companies saw Russia as a significant market.
Mr. Dmitriev said the calculation took into account not only fire sales and write-downs, but also “forgone profits.” Western companies that left Russia have officially declared more than $100 billion in losses since the start of the war, with many of their prized assets sold under onerous terms dictated by the Russian state.
Many world leaders have shifted to a business-focused message to cater to an American president whose foreign policy has little in common with his predecessors’ emphasis on democracy, human rights and the trans-Atlantic alliance. But among the governments scrambling to influence Mr. Trump’s view of the war in Ukraine, Moscow stands alone in its success in getting him to bite.
Ukrainian officials made the possibility of lucrative U.S. energy and mineral deals after the war’s end a centerpiece of a charm offensive with Mr. Trump that began last fall. Rather than take the invitation to cooperate, Mr. Trump appeared to decide that Ukraine’s natural resources should serve as payback for past American support.
In Kyiv last week, President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine rejected a proposal from Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent under which the United States would take a 50 percent interest in all of Ukraine’s mineral resources.
Europeans have also tried to use talk of deals to get Mr. Trump’s attention. During the World Economic Forum in Davos in late January, NATO’s secretary general, Mark Rutte, said Europe would be willing to foot the bill for the United States to continue supplying arms to Ukraine using its defense industrial base.
Such entreaties did little to shift Mr. Trump’s view of Europe as taking advantage of American security assistance, nor did they stop him from excluding the Europeans from his administration’s talks with Russia.
Russia, on the other hand, has gotten the Trump administration’s attention — both with the prospect of business deals and with the prospect of Mr. Trump being seen as a peacemaker by ending the war in Ukraine.
“Trump doesn’t care much about long-term strategic goals,” said Boris Bondarev, a former Russian diplomat who resigned over the war in Ukraine. “Putin is trying to play on this feeling and get him interested in very quick material gains that are immediately clear to Trump.”
Nataliya Vasilyeva contributed reporting from Istanbul and Paul Sonne from Berlin.